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British skater Madge Cave Syers captured the primary women’s title and won the bronze in pairs together with her husband, Edgar Syers. Egypt, the British Virgin Islands, Monaco, Puerto Rico, and Senegal made their Winter Olympics debuts as a Winter Games-record variety of nationwide Olympic committees (49) competed at Sarajevo. Only the British group and American Theresa Weld, who gained the bronze medals in pairs and women’s singles respectively, prevented a Scandinavian sweep. Norway topped the medals desk with a total of 17, and the Scandinavian international locations, which altogether captured 28 of the 43 medals awarded, dropped their previous objections. The first organized international competition involving winter sports was launched simply five years after the beginning of the trendy Olympics in 1896. This competitors, the Nordic Games, included only athletes from the Scandinavian nations and was held quadrennially in Sweden, starting in 1901. Figure skating was included in the Olympics for the primary time in the 1908 Summer Games in London, though the skating competition was not truly held until October, some three months after the opposite occasions have been over. The great Ulrich Salchow (Sweden) won the primary Olympic gold medal awarded for men’s determine skating. Nordic nations dominated the determine skating occasions.

Although Yang outperformed Johnson in seven events, the American’s dominance within the throwing occasions made the distinction, and he outscored Yang by fifty eight factors to win the gold medal. The decathlon featured a tightly contested battle between Rafer Johnson of the United States and Yang Chuan-kwang of Taiwan, close friends who both attended the University of California at Los Angeles and سعر الذهب skilled under the same coach. Conspicuously absent from the Alpine events had been 1980 gold medalists Ingemar Stenmark (Sweden) and Hanni Wenzel (Liechtenstein), who have been considered professionals and had been thus banned from Olympic competition. In the men’s competition Scott Hamilton (U.S.) edged out Brian Orser (Canada) to win the gold. In the men’s slalom twin brothers Phil and Steve Mahre (U.S.) took the gold and silver, respectively. Another Swedish skater, Svea Norén, received the silver in women’s singles, while Norwegians captured silver in the men’s and pairs events, as nicely as the bronze within the men’s singles. Djokovic had beforehand gained all three other Grand Slam events the 12 months earlier than, which gave him a non-calendar year Grand Slam as properly.

Middle-distance runner Peter Snell of recent Zealand gained the first of his three career gold medals. Australian groups, which between them gained all however one of many gold medals. With a view to encourage participation, the International Olympic Committee agreed to pay the expenses of one male and one female participant from each country. I read a wonderful guide by Arthur C. Clarke, Childhood’s End, where at one point kind of the whole lot was automated, and no one had any job anymore. Automated teller machines (ATMs) started distributing solely euros on January 1, 2002. During the "twin circulation period," till the final deadlines had been reached for changeover, both national currencies and the euro had been accepted, however after that point only the euro was acceptable legal tender. Two years later an agreement was reached to celebrate an IOC-sanctioned International Winter Sports Week. Only two years separated the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France, and the 1994 Games in Lillehammer, Norway. The Games staged in St. Moritz, Switzerland, in 1928 have been formally designated the second Winter Olympics. From 1928 the Winter Games were held every four years in the identical calendar year as the Summer Games.

Thereafter the Winter and Summer Games have been each held quadrennially, alternating in even-numbered years. Taped footage of the Games was flown to New York City at the tip of every day and broadcast on the CBS tv community within the United States. Canada captured the gold medal in ice hockey, with the United States successful silver and Czechoslovakia ending with the bronze. Gold-medal-winning ice dancers Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean (U.K.) redefined the sport with their mesmerizing interpretation of Maurice Ravel’s Boléro. Although the coat of arms of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation showed a black eagle with crimson legs against a gold background, those weren't the official colors of the empire. The German Navy was originally recognized as the Bundesmarine (Federal Navy) from 1956 to 1995, when Deutsche Marine (German Navy) grew to become the official title with respect to the 1990 incorporation of the East German Volksmarine (People's Navy).